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The composer Joseph Haydn is sometimes given the nickname "Papa" Haydn. The practice began in Haydn's lifetime and has continued to the present day. Höslinger (2009) identifies three senses of the term, discussed below in the order of their chronological origin. =="Papa" as a term of affection== "Papa Haydn" started out as a term of affection bestowed on Haydn by the musicians who worked for him. After 1766 Haydn was the Kapellmeister at the Esterházy court, presiding over a fairly large group of musicians. His authority was evidently rather benevolent, as he often interceded with Prince Eszterházy on behalf of musicians who had gotten in trouble.〔For discussion and examples, see 〕 The tale of the Farewell Symphony attests to Haydn's willingness to act on behalf of his subordinates. The practice of calling Haydn "Papa" became increasingly plausible as Haydn's 30-plus years of service in the Eszterházy court went by; with each year, he would have become increasingly older than the average musician serving under him. As time went by, the group of musicians who called Haydn "Papa" expanded beyond the Esterházy court〔Höslinger (2009)〕 and included Haydn's friend Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.〔In his old age, Haydn remarked to Georg August Griesinger that Mozart had called him "Papa". The remark was recorded in a letter Griesinger sent to the publishers Breitkopf & Härtel, for whom he served as representative. Source: Deutsch (1965, 489)〕 Höslinger (2009:206) summarizes this aspect of "Papa Haydn" thus: "'Papa' arose as a term of affection, commonly used by the Esterházy players ... for a father figure, somebody who willingly gave advice and who was generally respected as a musician." He notes that in Haydn's time the term was used for other musicians as well; e.g. "Franz Schubert called Salieri his 'Grosspapa' (() 'grandad')". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Papa Haydn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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